A Study to assess the prevalence of suicide risk behaviour and effectiveness of awareness program regarding Suicide Prevention among the higher secondary students of selected school, Dadra and Nagar Haveli

 

Mr. Premkumar. C¹, Mr. Jobin Mathew², MS. Christulas Jyoti²

¹HOD of Department of Psychiatric, Nursing Tutor, Department of Psychiatric,

Shri Vinoba Bhave College of Nursing, Silvassa

²2^nd Year M.Sc. Nursing Student, Shri Vinoba Bhave College of Nursing, Silvassa

 

ABSTRACT:

Introduction:  Suicide is deliberate self-harm, which has been third leading cause of death among the adolescent, as mentioned by World Health Organization. It is very necessary to prevent suicide and create awareness among the adolescent as they are pillars of the forthcoming future. Aims: The aim of the study is to assess the risk behaviour of student and to create prevention awareness among the higher secondary students studying in 11th standard in selected schools of DNH. Method: Pre-experimental research design (quantitative)was used. Study was conducted in selected schools of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, with the sample size of 200 students who met the sampling criteria were selected with the help of purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using self-designed risk behaviour assessment scale and structured knowledge questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Services (SPSS 23) and STATA. Results: The data obtained were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. It was calculated that 22% of the students were having mild risk behaviour. Calculated paired t test (t (199,0.05) =13.54) of awareness of suicide prevention awareness was found to be highly significant. The post-test mean score was 17.65 which was greater than the pre-test mean score (11.6) with the mean difference of 5.87 was found to be significant. The suicide prevention awareness programme was found to be effective where the posttest mean percentage is 17.65 and pre-test mean is 11.6 with the difference of 21%. Among the baseline association of pre-test score with the suicide risk behaviour, gender, education of father and family income was significant, gender had significant association with the pre-test awareness score. Conclusion: Thus, the findings indicate that risk behaviour assessment and the suicide prevention awareness programme was an effective method of instruction for updating and enhancing the awareness among the higher secondary students.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Suicide is now a rising and alarming cause of death among different stages of life, ranging from adolescent or in the elderly stage. Be it male or female Suicide is common to both the gender. Studies have also reported that the occurrence of suicide is more in the age group from 15-29 years of age ,which also include the late stage of the adolescent period of life where the  turmoil’s and emotional confusion occurs in one’s life leading to several other reasons to ponder upon such as stressors in coping up life’s challenging situations,childrens of working women who have not been properly cared of, where the adults are taking their life in an alarmingly where leading it to be public health crises.^1-2

 

The rate of suicide among the young people as they consider suicide one of the easiest solution to manage all their struggles. As per the report of the National crime record bureau (NCRB) it has being reported that, every hour, one student commits suicide, with reference to 2015 data (the latest available) from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).  In Indian times on 8^th January’18 it was reported that every 55 minute one student commits suicide every 55 minutes and the data highlighted that the number in 2016 stood at 9,474.^3-4

 

NEED OF THE STUDY:

The need of the study is to create awareness regarding the suicide prevention program. As suicide is considered as preventable for the unseasonable death which is caused due to various reasons such as psycho social, cultural, environmental factors. There are number of factors which contribute as a cause of suicide. As we know suicide is a tragic reaction of taking one’s own life and the statistics it is estimates that the men who commits suicides are less likely like a woman to talk out to someone who can help them with their depression or the other reasons which they are going through^5-6

 

Looking into the statistics suicide has being 10th leading cause of death globally whereas the second leading cause of death among the adolescent between the age of 15-29 years, as per the World Health Organization report is mental illness starting at the age of 14, one among them is suicide which is preventable.^7-8

 

In 2017, July17 the minds foundation reported that India has the highest rate of young adult for suicide with the range of 35.5% per 100,000 in the year 2012.⁹

 

According to the statistic of Mental Health Team, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, the incidence of suicide is 73.13% among the age group of 13-30 and 36.16% of cases are observed in rural /tribal of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

 

The need of the awareness program among the students are to help them to gain knowledge regarding the suicide prevention, and create awareness of suicide among the adolescent studying in school of Dadra and Nager Haveli¹⁰.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:

“A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Suicide Risk Behaviour And Effectiveness of Awareness Program Regarding Suicide Prevention Among the Higher Secondary Students of Selected School, DNH”

 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

The objectives of study are:

·       To assess prevalence of suicide risk behaviour among school children.

·       To assess the pre-test level of knowledge towards suicide awareness prevention.

·       To assess the post-test level of knowledge towards suicide awareness prevention. 

·       To correlate the risk behaviour and awareness towards suicide awareness prevention. 

·       To determine the effectiveness of awareness program related to suicide prevention among higher secondary students.

·       To associate the pre-test score with the selected demographic data.

 

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES:

·       The hypothesis will be at 0.05 level of significance.  

·       H1-There will be significant association between awareness program and knowledge regarding suicide prevention.

·       H2-There will be significant effectiveness of suicide awareness program 

·       H3-There will be significant co-relation between demographic variable and suicide risk behaviour assessment.

 

ASSUMPTIONS:

·       The students may have heard about the risk behaviour of suicide

·       The students may have little knowledge regarding suicide prevention 

·       The awareness program may improve the knowledge of suicide prevention

 

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Quantitative research approach with one group pre-test and post-test (Pre experimental research) design was used. Risk behaviour assessment was done using self-design scale for risk behaviour assessment by the researcher for the higher secondary students studying in selected school of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, the estimated sample size was 200 done using non probability sampling-purposive technique, where risk behaviour assessment was done followed by awareness program for the students. The effectiveness of awareness programme was assessed using self-structured knowledge questionnaire.

 

RESULT:

The data was analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Frequency and percentage are used to describe the sample characteristics. Mean, median, SD and mean percentages are used to describe the area wise pretest and post-test knowledge score of respondents on knowledge regarding suicide prevention awareness programme. Paired t test is used to find the effectiveness of awareness programme Correlation was done using Karl pearsons test. The association between pre-test knowledge, suicide prevention awareness and demographic variables will be calculated using chi square test.

 

The findings of the study have been organized under the following subdivision:

PART 1: Description of baseline characteristics.

PART 2: Assess the risk of suicide behaviour.

PART  3: Assess the pre-test score of awareness towards suicide prevention.

PART 4: Co-relation of the risk behaviour and knowledge score regarding suicide prevention.

PART 5: Assess the post test score towards suicide prevention awareness.

PART 6: Determine the effectiveness of awareness program related to suicide prevention.

PART 7: Association of the pre-test score with the selected demographic data.

 

PART 1: DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS:

TABLE 1: Frequency and percentage wise distribution to assess the prevalence of suicide risk behaviour and effectiveness of awareness program regarding suicide prevention among the higher secondary students of selected school, DNH according to their demographic data.

 

Table 1:

 

 

 

PART 2: ASSESS THE RISK OF SUICIDE BEHAVIOUR.

Table 2:

Level of risk	Pre test
	F	%
No	156	78
Mild	44	22
Moderate	0	0
Severe	0	0
Total	200	100

 

Table 2 shows that Out of 200 students, 78% of students were found to be at no risk of suicide behaviour where 22% of students were found to be at mild risk of suicide and none were found in moderate and severe risk of suicide behaviour.

 

PART 3 ASSESSING THE PRE-TEST SCORE OF AWARENESS TOWARDS SUICIDE:

Table 3 shows that Out of 200 students, the pre-test score of the awareness program with the mean score of 11.8 and standard deviation is 4.66 in pre-test. Overall mean percentage is 42%.

 

Table 3:

Knowledge	Max Score	Range	Pre test
			Mean	SD	Mean %
Risk behaviour	100	62-25	37.17	9.30	37
Knowledge	28	27-0	11.8	4.66	42

 

PART 4: CORRELATION BETWEEN THE AWARENESS PROGRAM AND SUICIDE RISK BEHAVIOUR:

Correlation between suicide risk behaviour and effectiveness of awareness program regarding suicide in pre-test using Karl pearsons formula, where the calculated r value is 0.534 which suggest the correlation between the suicide risk behaviour and effectiveness of awareness program as moderately positive correlation. (Fig.-1)

 

PART 5 ASSESSING THE POST-TEST SCORE OF AWARENESS TOWARDS SUICIDE PREVENTION:

Table 4 shows the mean knowledge score of students is 17.67 and standard deviation is 4.66 in post-test. Overall mean percentage is 63%.

 

 

Table 4:

Knowledge	Max Score	Range	Post test
			Mean	SD	Mean %
Overall	28	27-0	17.67	4.66	63

 

PART 6 DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAM RELATED TO SUICIDE PREVENTION:

 

Table 5 shows the effectiveness of the awareness program related to suicide prevention as compared with pre-test and the post- test value of the program.

 

PART 7: ASSOCIATION OF THE SUICIDAL RISK BEHAVIOUR WITH DEMOGRAPHIC DATA.

Demographic variables education of father, family income is having association with the risk behaviour at 0.05 level of degree of freedom. (educational status of father χ2=0.028, family monthly income χ2=0.006).

 

Table 6 shows the association between level of knowledge in pre-test and selected demographic data.

The demographic variable gender is having association with the level of knowledge in pre-test at the level of 0.05 level of degree of freedom.

 

Fig.1. Showing the correlation of knowledge and risk behaviour

 

Table 5:

Knowledge	Max score	Pre test			Post test			Effectiveness in mean %
		Mean	SD	Mean %	Mean	SD	Mean%
Overall	28	11.8	4.66	42	17.67	4.66	63	21

 

Table 6:

S. No	Demographic variables	Inadequate		Moderate		Adequate		χ2	p-value
		F	%	F	%	F	%
1.	Gender: Male Female	15 52	7.5 26	22 107	11 53.5	3 1	1.5 0.5	8.5 (df=2)	0.01* S

 

 

CONCLUSION:

The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of suicide prevention awareness among the selectedschool of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The study was conducted by using Pre experimental one group pre-test post-test research design. The sample size was 200higher secondary school students by using non probability purposive sampling method.

 

REFERENCE:

1.     Saptarshi Ray “the telegraph”-high suicide rate in India labelled as public crisis” New Delhi 13september2018@8;39pm.

2.     Rukmini’s “Suicide           in India    what data shows, october17,2018 @09:09am,/ST,availablesourcefrom:https:// www.livemint.com/politics/YCW8VCOQZUZAYKWSTVXS9N/suicide-in-India-what data-shows.html.

3.     Shweta Sengar “In India, one student commits suicide every 55 minutes, yet depression is conveniently ignored” Indiatimes.com (newspaper on internet) updated on January 09,2018, available sources from:https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india.

4.     Ananya Bhattacharya “In India, one student commits suicide every hour” quartz India January08,2018, available sources from:https://qz.com/India/1174057/

5.     Thousands of people in the UK end their lives by suicide each year-updated sep 2018, https://www.mentalhealth.org.UK/a to z/s/suicide.

6.     Suicide in teens and children symptoms and Causes-Boston children hospital, available sources:www.childrenhospital.org/ conditions and treatment/condition/s/suicide and teens symptoms and causes.

7.     World Mental Health Day “young people and mental health in changing world”2018,10 October available source: https://www.whorint/mental-health/world-mental-health-day/2018/en.

8.     Swathy Iyer, “student suicide: The silent epidemic claims 150 in 2017-18, TNN/March 12,2018, available sources from:https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com.

9.     India has the highest suicide rate among youth –here how you can help someone who is struggling, available sources:

10.  https://www.thebetterindia.com/108700/suicide prevention –a growing public health concern

11.  Hospital information system-VBCH

 

 

Received on 06.01.2020          Modified on 08.03.2020

Accepted on 26.04.2020      ©A&V Publications All right reserved